; $Id: CPUMRCA.asm $
;; @file
; CPUM - Raw-mode Context Assembly Routines.
;

; Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Oracle Corporation
;
; This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
; available from http://www.virtualbox.org. This file is free software;
; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
; General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
; Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
; VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
; hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
;

;*******************************************************************************
;* Header Files                                                                *
;*******************************************************************************
%include "VMMRC.mac"
%include "VBox/vmm/vm.mac"
%include "VBox/err.mac"
%include "VBox/vmm/stam.mac"
%include "CPUMInternal.mac"
%include "iprt/x86.mac"
%include "VBox/vmm/cpum.mac"


;*******************************************************************************
;* External Symbols                                                            *
;*******************************************************************************
extern IMPNAME(g_CPUM)                 ; VMM GC Builtin import
extern IMPNAME(g_VM)                   ; VMM GC Builtin import
extern NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP)       ; CPUMGC.cpp
extern NAME(CPUMRCAssertPreExecutionSanity)


;
; Enables write protection of Hypervisor memory pages.
; !note! Must be commented out for Trap8 debug handler.
;
%define ENABLE_WRITE_PROTECTION 1

BEGINCODE

;; Macro for FXSAVE/FXRSTOR leaky behaviour on AMD CPUs, see cpumR3CheckLeakyFpu().
; Cleans the FPU state, if necessary, before restoring the FPU.
;
; This macro ASSUMES CR0.TS is not set!
; @remarks Trashes xAX!!
; Changes here should also be reflected in CPUMR0A.asm's copy!
%macro CLEANFPU 0
    test    dword [xDX + CPUMCPU.fUseFlags], CPUM_USE_FFXSR_LEAKY
    jz      .nothing_to_clean

    xor     eax, eax
    fnstsw  ax               ; Get FSW
    test    eax, RT_BIT(7)   ; If FSW.ES (bit 7) is set, clear it to not cause FPU exceptions
                             ; while clearing & loading the FPU bits in 'clean_fpu'
    jz      clean_fpu
    fnclex

.clean_fpu:
    ffree   st7              ; Clear FPU stack register(7)'s tag entry to prevent overflow if a wraparound occurs
                             ; for the upcoming push (load)
    fild    dword [xDX + CPUMCPU.Guest.fpu] ; Explicit FPU load to overwrite FIP, FOP, FDP registers in the FPU.

.nothing_to_clean:
%endmacro


;;
; Handles lazy FPU saving and restoring.
;
; This handler will implement lazy fpu (sse/mmx/stuff) saving.
; Two actions may be taken in this handler since the Guest OS may
; be doing lazy fpu switching. So, we'll have to generate those
; traps which the Guest CPU CTX shall have according to the
; its CR0 flags. If no traps for the Guest OS, we'll save the host
; context and restore the guest context.
;
; @returns  0 if caller should continue execution.
; @returns  VINF_EM_RAW_GUEST_TRAP if a guest trap should be generated.
; @param    pCPUMCPU  x86:[esp+4] GCC:rdi MSC:rcx     CPUMCPU pointer
;
align 16
BEGINPROC   cpumHandleLazyFPUAsm
    ;
    ; Figure out what to do.
    ;
    ; There are two basic actions:
    ;   1. Save host fpu and restore guest fpu.
    ;   2. Generate guest trap.
    ;
    ; When entering the hypervisor we'll always enable MP (for proper wait
    ; trapping) and TS (for intercepting all fpu/mmx/sse stuff). The EM flag
    ; is taken from the guest OS in order to get proper SSE handling.
    ;
    ;
    ; Actions taken depending on the guest CR0 flags:
    ;
    ;   3    2    1
    ;  TS | EM | MP | FPUInstr | WAIT :: VMM Action
    ; ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ;   0 |  0 |  0 | Exec     | Exec :: Clear TS & MP, Save HC, Load GC.
    ;   0 |  0 |  1 | Exec     | Exec :: Clear TS, Save HC, Load GC.
    ;   0 |  1 |  0 | #NM      | Exec :: Clear TS & MP, Save HC, Load GC;
    ;   0 |  1 |  1 | #NM      | Exec :: Clear TS, Save HC, Load GC.
    ;   1 |  0 |  0 | #NM      | Exec :: Clear MP, Save HC, Load GC. (EM is already cleared.)
    ;   1 |  0 |  1 | #NM      | #NM  :: Go to host taking trap there.
    ;   1 |  1 |  0 | #NM      | Exec :: Clear MP, Save HC, Load GC. (EM is already set.)
    ;   1 |  1 |  1 | #NM      | #NM  :: Go to host taking trap there.

    ;
    ; Before taking any of these actions we're checking if we have already
    ; loaded the GC FPU. Because if we have, this is an trap for the guest - raw ring-3.
    ;
%ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
 %ifdef RT_OS_WINDOWS
    mov     xDX, rcx
 %else
    mov     xDX, rdi
 %endif
%else
    mov     xDX, dword [esp + 4]
%endif
    test    dword [xDX + CPUMCPU.fUseFlags], CPUM_USED_FPU
    jz      hlfpua_not_loaded
    jmp     hlfpua_to_host

    ;
    ; Take action.
    ;
align 16
hlfpua_not_loaded:
    mov     eax, [xDX + CPUMCPU.Guest.cr0]
    and     eax, X86_CR0_MP | X86_CR0_EM | X86_CR0_TS
%ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
    lea     r8, [hlfpuajmp1 wrt rip]
    jmp     qword [rax*4 + r8]
%else
    jmp     dword [eax*2 + hlfpuajmp1]
%endif
align 16
;; jump table using fpu related cr0 flags as index.
hlfpuajmp1:
    RTCCPTR_DEF hlfpua_switch_fpu_ctx
    RTCCPTR_DEF hlfpua_switch_fpu_ctx
    RTCCPTR_DEF hlfpua_switch_fpu_ctx
    RTCCPTR_DEF hlfpua_switch_fpu_ctx
    RTCCPTR_DEF hlfpua_switch_fpu_ctx
    RTCCPTR_DEF hlfpua_to_host
    RTCCPTR_DEF hlfpua_switch_fpu_ctx
    RTCCPTR_DEF hlfpua_to_host
;; and mask for cr0.
hlfpu_afFlags:
    RTCCPTR_DEF ~(X86_CR0_TS | X86_CR0_MP)
    RTCCPTR_DEF ~(X86_CR0_TS)
    RTCCPTR_DEF ~(X86_CR0_TS | X86_CR0_MP)
    RTCCPTR_DEF ~(X86_CR0_TS)
    RTCCPTR_DEF ~(X86_CR0_MP)
    RTCCPTR_DEF 0
    RTCCPTR_DEF ~(X86_CR0_MP)
    RTCCPTR_DEF 0

    ;
    ; Action - switch FPU context and change cr0 flags.
    ;
align 16
hlfpua_switch_fpu_ctx:
    ; Paranoia. This function was previously used in ring-0, not any longer.
%ifdef IN_RING3
%error "This function is not written for ring-3"
%endif
%ifdef IN_RING0
%error "This function is not written for ring-0"
%endif

    mov     xCX, cr0
%ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
    lea     r8, [hlfpu_afFlags wrt rip]
    and     rcx, [rax*4 + r8]                   ; calc the new cr0 flags.
%else
    and     ecx, [eax*2 + hlfpu_afFlags]        ; calc the new cr0 flags.
%endif
    mov     xAX, cr0
    and     xAX, ~(X86_CR0_TS | X86_CR0_EM)
    mov     cr0, xAX                            ; clear flags so we don't trap here.
%ifndef RT_ARCH_AMD64
    mov     eax, edx                            ; Calculate the PCPUM pointer
    sub     eax, [edx + CPUMCPU.offCPUM]
    test    dword [eax + CPUM.CPUFeatures.edx], X86_CPUID_FEATURE_EDX_FXSR
    jz short hlfpua_no_fxsave
%endif

%ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
    ; Use explicit REX prefix. See @bugref{6398}.
    o64 fxsave  [xDX + CPUMCPU.Host.fpu]
%else
    fxsave  [xDX + CPUMCPU.Host.fpu]
%endif
    or      dword [xDX + CPUMCPU.fUseFlags], (CPUM_USED_FPU | CPUM_USED_FPU_SINCE_REM)
%ifdef RT_ARCH_AMD64
    o64 fxrstor [xDX + CPUMCPU.Guest.fpu]
%else
    fxrstor [xDX + CPUMCPU.Guest.fpu]
%endif
hlfpua_finished_switch:

    ; Load new CR0 value.
    ;; @todo Optimize the many unconditional CR0 writes.
    mov     cr0, xCX                            ; load the new cr0 flags.

    ; return continue execution.
    xor     eax, eax
    ret

%ifndef RT_ARCH_AMD64
; legacy support.
hlfpua_no_fxsave:
    fnsave  [xDX + CPUMCPU.Host.fpu]
    or      dword [xDX + CPUMCPU.fUseFlags], dword (CPUM_USED_FPU | CPUM_USED_FPU_SINCE_REM) ; yasm / nasm
    mov     eax, [xDX + CPUMCPU.Guest.fpu]      ; control word
    not     eax                                 ; 1 means exception ignored (6 LS bits)
    and     eax, byte 03Fh                      ; 6 LS bits only
    test    eax, [xDX + CPUMCPU.Guest.fpu + 4]  ; status word
    jz short hlfpua_no_exceptions_pending
    ; technically incorrect, but we certainly don't want any exceptions now!!
    and     dword [xDX + CPUMCPU.Guest.fpu + 4], ~03Fh
hlfpua_no_exceptions_pending:
    frstor  [xDX + CPUMCPU.Guest.fpu]
    jmp near hlfpua_finished_switch
%endif ; !RT_ARCH_AMD64


    ;
    ; Action - Generate Guest trap.
    ;
hlfpua_action_4:
hlfpua_to_host:
    mov     eax, VINF_EM_RAW_GUEST_TRAP
    ret
ENDPROC     cpumHandleLazyFPUAsm


;;
; Calls a guest trap/interrupt handler directly
; Assumes a trap stack frame has already been setup on the guest's stack!
;
; @param   pRegFrame   [esp + 4]  Original trap/interrupt context
; @param   selCS       [esp + 8]  Code selector of handler
; @param   pHandler    [esp + 12] GC virtual address of handler
; @param   eflags      [esp + 16] Callee's EFLAGS
; @param   selSS       [esp + 20] Stack selector for handler
; @param   pEsp        [esp + 24] Stack address for handler
;
; @remark This call never returns!
;
; VMMRCDECL(void) CPUMGCCallGuestTrapHandler(PCPUMCTXCORE pRegFrame, uint32_t selCS, RTGCPTR pHandler, uint32_t eflags, uint32_t selSS, RTGCPTR pEsp);
align 16
BEGINPROC_EXPORTED CPUMGCCallGuestTrapHandler
    mov     ebp, esp

    ; construct iret stack frame
    push    dword [ebp + 20]                ; SS
    push    dword [ebp + 24]                ; ESP
    push    dword [ebp + 16]                ; EFLAGS
    push    dword [ebp + 8]                 ; CS
    push    dword [ebp + 12]                ; EIP

    ;
    ; enable WP
    ;
%ifdef ENABLE_WRITE_PROTECTION
    mov     eax, cr0
    or      eax, X86_CR0_WRITE_PROTECT
    mov     cr0, eax
%endif

    ; restore CPU context (all except cs, eip, ss, esp & eflags; which are restored or overwritten by iret)
    mov     ebp, [ebp + 4]                  ; pRegFrame
    mov     ebx, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.ebx]
    mov     ecx, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.ecx]
    mov     edx, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.edx]
    mov     esi, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.esi]
    mov     edi, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.edi]

    ;; @todo  load segment registers *before* enabling WP.
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_GS | CPUM_HANDLER_CTXCORE_IN_EBP
    mov     gs, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.gs.Sel]
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_FS | CPUM_HANDLER_CTXCORE_IN_EBP
    mov     fs, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.fs.Sel]
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_ES | CPUM_HANDLER_CTXCORE_IN_EBP
    mov     es, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.es.Sel]
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_DS | CPUM_HANDLER_CTXCORE_IN_EBP
    mov     ds, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.ds.Sel]

    mov     eax, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.eax]
    mov     ebp, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.ebp]

    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_IRET
    iret
ENDPROC CPUMGCCallGuestTrapHandler


;;
; Performs an iret to V86 code
; Assumes a trap stack frame has already been setup on the guest's stack!
;
; @param   pRegFrame   Original trap/interrupt context
;
; This function does not return!
;
;VMMRCDECL(void) CPUMGCCallV86Code(PCPUMCTXCORE pRegFrame);
align 16
BEGINPROC CPUMGCCallV86Code
    mov     ebp, [esp + 4]                  ; pRegFrame

    ; construct iret stack frame
    push    dword [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.gs.Sel]
    push    dword [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.fs.Sel]
    push    dword [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.ds.Sel]
    push    dword [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.es.Sel]
    push    dword [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.ss.Sel]
    push    dword [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.esp]
    push    dword [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.eflags]
    push    dword [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.cs.Sel]
    push    dword [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.eip]

    ;
    ; enable WP
    ;
%ifdef ENABLE_WRITE_PROTECTION
    mov     eax, cr0
    or      eax, X86_CR0_WRITE_PROTECT
    mov     cr0, eax
%endif

    ; restore CPU context (all except cs, eip, ss, esp, eflags, ds, es, fs & gs; which are restored or overwritten by iret)
    mov     eax, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.eax]
    mov     ebx, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.ebx]
    mov     ecx, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.ecx]
    mov     edx, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.edx]
    mov     esi, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.esi]
    mov     edi, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.edi]
    mov     ebp, [ebp + CPUMCTXCORE.ebp]

    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_IRET
    iret
ENDPROC CPUMGCCallV86Code


;;
; This is a main entry point for resuming (or starting) guest
; code execution.
;
; We get here directly from VMMSwitcher.asm (jmp at the end
; of VMMSwitcher_HostToGuest).
;
; This call never returns!
;
; @param    edx     Pointer to CPUM structure.
;
align 16
BEGINPROC_EXPORTED CPUMGCResumeGuest
%ifdef VBOX_STRICT
    ; Call CPUM to check sanity.
    push    edx
    mov     edx, IMP(g_VM)
    push    edx
    call    NAME(CPUMRCAssertPreExecutionSanity)
    add     esp, 4
    pop     edx
%endif

    ; Convert to CPUMCPU pointer
    add     edx, [edx + CPUM.offCPUMCPU0]
    ;
    ; Setup iretd
    ;
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ss.Sel]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.esp]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.eflags]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.cs.Sel]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.eip]

    ;
    ; Restore registers.
    ;
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_ES
    mov     es,  [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.es.Sel]
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_FS
    mov     fs,  [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.fs.Sel]
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_GS
    mov     gs,  [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.gs.Sel]

%ifdef VBOX_WITH_STATISTICS
    ;
    ; Statistics.
    ;
    push    edx
    mov     edx, IMP(g_VM)
    lea     edx, [edx + VM.StatTotalQemuToGC]
    STAM_PROFILE_ADV_STOP edx

    mov     edx, IMP(g_VM)
    lea     edx, [edx + VM.StatTotalInGC]
    STAM_PROFILE_ADV_START edx
    pop     edx
%endif

    ;
    ; enable WP
    ;
%ifdef ENABLE_WRITE_PROTECTION
    mov     eax, cr0
    or      eax, X86_CR0_WRITE_PROTECT
    mov     cr0, eax
%endif

    ;
    ; Continue restore.
    ;
    mov     esi, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.esi]
    mov     edi, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.edi]
    mov     ebp, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ebp]
    mov     ebx, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ebx]
    mov     ecx, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ecx]
    mov     eax, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.eax]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ds.Sel]
    mov     edx, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.edx]
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_DS
    pop     ds

    ; restart execution.
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_IRET
    iretd
ENDPROC     CPUMGCResumeGuest


;;
; This is a main entry point for resuming (or starting) guest
; code execution for raw V86 mode
;
; We get here directly from VMMSwitcher.asm (jmp at the end
; of VMMSwitcher_HostToGuest).
;
; This call never returns!
;
; @param    edx     Pointer to CPUM structure.
;
align 16
BEGINPROC_EXPORTED CPUMGCResumeGuestV86
%ifdef VBOX_STRICT
    ; Call CPUM to check sanity.
    push    edx
    mov     edx, IMP(g_VM)
    push    edx
    call    NAME(CPUMRCAssertPreExecutionSanity)
    add     esp, 4
    pop     edx
%endif

    ; Convert to CPUMCPU pointer
    add     edx, [edx + CPUM.offCPUMCPU0]
    ;
    ; Setup iretd
    ;
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.gs.Sel]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.fs.Sel]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ds.Sel]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.es.Sel]

    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ss.Sel]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.esp]

    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.eflags]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.cs.Sel]
    push    dword [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.eip]

    ;
    ; Restore registers.
    ;

%ifdef VBOX_WITH_STATISTICS
    ;
    ; Statistics.
    ;
    push    edx
    mov     edx, IMP(g_VM)
    lea     edx, [edx + VM.StatTotalQemuToGC]
    STAM_PROFILE_ADV_STOP edx

    mov     edx, IMP(g_VM)
    lea     edx, [edx + VM.StatTotalInGC]
    STAM_PROFILE_ADV_START edx
    pop     edx
%endif

    ;
    ; enable WP
    ;
%ifdef ENABLE_WRITE_PROTECTION
    mov     eax, cr0
    or      eax, X86_CR0_WRITE_PROTECT
    mov     cr0, eax
%endif

    ;
    ; Continue restore.
    ;
    mov     esi, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.esi]
    mov     edi, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.edi]
    mov     ebp, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ebp]
    mov     ecx, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ecx]
    mov     ebx, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.ebx]
    mov     eax, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.eax]
    mov     edx, [edx + CPUMCPU.Guest.edx]

    ; restart execution.
    TRPM_NP_GP_HANDLER NAME(cpumRCHandleNPAndGP), CPUM_HANDLER_IRET
    iretd
ENDPROC     CPUMGCResumeGuestV86

